Improving reading comprehension: From metacognitive intervention on strategies to the intervention on working

نویسندگان

  • M R Elosúa
  • J A García-Madruga
  • J O Vila
  • I Gómez-Veiga
  • Gil
چکیده

R E s u M E n Muchos estudiantes pueden leer de forma fluida pero presentan dificultades para construir significados a partir de los textos. Las dificultades de compresión lectora tienen varias implicaciones en la escuela. En particular, los problemas de comprensión de textos interfieren con el estudio y el aprendizaje desde el texto. La comprensión de lectura se ha mejorado en los últimos 30 años enfocándose en los programas de intervención que trabajan con estrategias en las cuales la metacognición juega un papel crucial. Sin embargo, en años recientes han sido relevantes los avances en el estudio de las relaciones entre la memoria de trabajo (WM), particularmente el proceso ejecutivo, y la comprensión de lectura. En este artículo presentamos la manera como se ha desarrollado nuestra investigación en los últimos 20 doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY12-5.ircm Para citar este artículo: Elosúa, M.R., GarcíaMadruga, J.A., Vila, J.O., Gómez-Veiga, I., & Gil, L. (2013). Improving reading comprehension: From metacognitive intervention on strategies to the intervention on working memory executive processes. Universitas Psychologica, 12(5), 1425-1438. doi: 10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY12-5.ircm * This research was conducted while M. Rosa Elosúa and Juan Antonio García Madruga were receiving Grant DGICYT PSI2008-00754 and ConsoliderIngenio 2010 (CSD2008-00048), both from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain.We thank students who voluntarily participated in this research. ** Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain. Area of research: Working memory; Text Comprehension; Executive Processes; Strategies on Cognitive Training. Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to: M. Rosa Elosúa. Departamento Psicología Básica I. Facultad de Psicología. UNED. C/ Juan del Rosal, 10. 28040 Madrid (SPAIN) Tfno.: +34 91 398 6224 Fax: +34 91 3987972 e-mail: [email protected] *** Valencia University, Spain. Elosua, M.R., GaRcía-MadRuGa, J. a., Vila, J. o., GóMEz-VEiGa, i., & Gil, l. 1426 Un i v e r s i ta s Ps yc h o l o g i c a V. 12 No. 5 c i e n c i a c o g n i t i va 2013 años, en relación con intervención metacognitiva desde las estrategias de comprensión de textos, tales como la idea principal y el resumen en la intervención sobre el proceso ejecutivo de WM durante la lectura. Así, nuestros datos empíricos recientes han mostrado que la comprensión de textos puede ser mejorada después del tratamiento específico sobre las funciones ejecutivas de memoria de trabajo (e.g., enfocándose, cambiando, conectando y actualizando las representaciones mentales y la inhibición de información irrelevante) en niños de escuela primaria. Palabras clave Comprensión de lectura, estrategias de comprensión de texto, metacognición, entrenamiento en memoria de trabajo, funciones ejecutivas. Palabras clave descriptores Neuropsicología, Ciencia Cognitiva, desarrollo.

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تاریخ انتشار 2014